Concussion

Introduction

Concussions are a type of mild traumatic brain injury that can occur after a blow to the head, a fall, or a sudden jolt that shakes the brain inside the skull. While often considered “minor,” concussions can significantly affect cognitive function, physical performance, and emotional wellbeing.

If treatment or not managed correctly, a concussion can lead to post-concussion syndrome. This is when the symptoms last for weeks, months or even longer.  

They are most common in sports, particularly contact sports like football, rugby, hockey, and boxing, but can also occur in everyday life — car accidents, slips, or accidental collisions at home or work. 

At Progress Physiotherapy, we recognise that concussion management extends beyond physical injury. A concussion can impact your memory, sleep and emotional health. Our holistic approach ensures we consider the physical, psychological, and social effects of concussion, providing personalised care for complete recovery. 

This guide will explore what causes concussions, common symptoms, effective management strategies, when to seek medical attention, prevention methods, and myths about this complex condition. 

What Causes a Concussion? 

Concussions occur when the brain experiences rapid acceleration or deceleration, causing it to move inside the skull and resulting in temporary disruption of normal brain function. A lateral movement of the skull is more likely to lead to a concussion.  

Common Causes: 

• Sports Injuries: Direct impact to the head, collisions with other players, or falls during activity. 

• Falls: Particularly in older adults or young children. 

• Vehicle Accidents: Whiplash or impact injuries from car or bicycle crashes. 

• Physical Assault or Workplace Incidents: Any sudden blow to the head or body. 

Risk Factors: 

• Participation in high-contact sports 

• Previous concussion or brain injury 

• Poor neck strength or conditioning 

• Inadequate protective equipment 

At Progress Physiotherapy, we take a thorough approach to assessing concussion risk. This includes looking at posture, neck stability, balance, and previous injuries to create a prevention and recovery strategy tailored to everyone. 

Common Symptoms of Concussion 

Symptoms of concussion can appear immediately or hours to days after the injury. They may include: 

Physical Symptoms: 

• Headache 

• Dizziness or loss of balance 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Sensitivity to light or noise 

• Fatigue 

Cognitive Symptoms: 

• Difficulty concentrating or remembering 

• Feeling mentally “foggy” 

• Slowed reaction time 

Emotional and Behavioural Symptoms: 

• Irritability or mood swings 

• Anxiety or depression 

• Sleep disturbances 

It’s important to note that symptoms can vary widely between individuals. Some people experience only subtle changes that may be overlooked, and some symptoms may not be present at all, which is why professional assessment is crucial. 

How Can I Manage a Concussion? 

Concussion management is nuanced, as everyone's recovery may vary. Early and appropriate care helps prevent prolonged symptoms and complications. 

Immediate Care: 

• Rest: Both physical and cognitive rest are important during the first 24–48 hours. This is including avoiding screens and work. 

• Monitoring: Observe for worsening symptoms such as repeated vomiting, severe headache, or loss of consciousness — these require urgent medical attention. 

Gradual Return to Activity: 

• Avoid high-impact or risky activities until cleared by a healthcare professional. 

• Gradually reintroduce normal daily tasks, light exercise, and cognitive activities under guidance. 

Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation: 

At Progress Physiotherapy, we provide targeted concussion rehabilitation that may include: 

• Vestibular and balance retraining for dizziness or instability 

• Neck and posture exercises to reduce secondary strain and headaches 

• Visual and cognitive rehabilitation to manage sensitivity and concentration issues 

• Education and pacing strategies to manage fatigue and symptom flare-ups 

Psychological and Social Support:

Concussions often affect mood, confidence, and social participation. Our therapists work with patients to and referrals if needed to psychologist: 

• Develop coping strategies for stress or anxiety 

• Provide reassurance and realistic timelines for return to work or sport 

• Support gradual reintegration into social and professional life 

When Should I See a Physiotherapist or Doctor? 

Immediate assessment is crucial if: 

• There is loss of consciousness or confusion 

• Repeated vomiting occurs 

• Severe or worsening headache develops 

• Symptoms persist beyond a few days 

• Balance, vision, or coordination problems worsen 

Early intervention helps prevent prolonged post-concussion symptoms and ensures a safe return to activity. At Progress Physiotherapy, we work closely with medical professionals to monitor recovery, develop rehabilitation plans, and track progress. 

Common Myths About Concussion 

Myth 1: Concussions are always obvious. 

• Symptoms can be subtle and develop gradually. Not all concussions involve loss of consciousness. 

  
  

Myth 2: You should “tough it out.” 

• Ignoring concussion symptoms can lead to prolonged recovery or serious complications. Proper rest and rehabilitation are crucial. 

Myth 3: You must avoid all activity indefinitely. 

• Guided, gradual return to activity is safe and promotes recovery. Complete inactivity for weeks is not recommended. 

Myth 4: Children recover the same way as adults. 

• Children may have longer recovery times and require tailored guidance. 

At Progress Physiotherapy, we educate patients and caregivers about these myths, reducing fear and helping individuals follow evidence-based recovery strategies. 

Conclusion 

Concussions are complex injuries that affect the brain, body, and daily life. Early recognition, careful management, and structured rehabilitation are key to recovery. 

At Progress Physiotherapy, we take a holistic approach, addressing the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of concussion recovery. Our personalised programs combine balance and vestibular retraining, cognitive strategies, neck and posture exercises, and lifestyle guidance to support full recovery and reduce the risk of long-term complications. 

If you or someone you know has experienced a head injury, early assessment and professional support are essential. Contact Progress Physiotherapy to start a safe, guided recovery process that restores confidence, function, and quality of life.